The World Bank said on Wednesday that economies in the Gulf countries are expected to grow at an aggregate 2.2 percent this year after a 4.8 percent collapse last year caused by the pandemic and lower oil prices.

“With recent progress made with the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine globally and with the revival of production and trade worldwide, the prospects for an economic recovery are firmer now than at the end of last year,” it said in a research report.

“Although downside risks remain, the forecast stands for an aggregate GCC economic turnaround of 2.2 percent in 2021 and an annual average growth of 3.3 percent in 2022–23.”

Diversifying the economy remains vital for GCC countries – which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, the World Bank said, as oil revenues represent over 70 percent of total government revenues in most GCC countries.

The World Bank said it expects Kuwait and Qatar to introduce a value-added tax this year, following the example of other GCC states that have implemented the revenue-diversifying measure in different phases over the last few years.

On the fiscal side, most GCC countries are likely to continue to post deficits over the coming years, the World Bank said, after shortfalls increased last year because of the coronavirus crisis.

Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman have posted the largest deficits in 2020, and are expected to remain in deficit until 2023, but with narrower ratios than in the 2020 downturn.

While a rebound in oil prices may lift economic prospects in the short term, the World Bank said downside risks to its outlook are “extremely high” because of the region’s heavy exposure to global oil demand and the service industries.

“Mobility restrictions including for international travel may hurt attendance at future high-profile events in the GCC—the 2020 (rescheduled to 2021) World Expo in the UAE and the 2022 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Qatar,” it said.