Four men with machetes trailed a group of women racing through the deep forest surrounding Goma, east Congo, anxious to reach a displacement camp they had left to get firewood.

One fell after tripping over a stone. She didn’t have time to react before one of the men came up with her.

“He raped me,” she claimed two weeks later in Bulengo, one of three camps around Goma that house over 600,000 people fleeing combat zones.

“He told me that if I screamed, he would kill me,” she said. “I felt dirty.”

The 35-year-old victim, who did not want to be named, is just one among hundreds of displaced women who have been sexually assaulted when they left the camps to get wood or food.

Medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) treated more than 670 women – or nearly 50 per day – at three sites between April 17 and 30 who had been subjected to sexual violence.

Over half were assaulted by armed men, it said last week, noting that its figures were likely to be underestimates.

Rape has been widely documented as a weapon of war used by armed militia groups that have been active in Congo’s east since the end of two civil wars waged between 1996 and 2003.

Unrest escalated after the M23 group staged a major offensive in North Kivu province last year, forcing hundreds of thousands to flee as the army fought back.

Many have sought refuge in crowded camps like Bulengo, where humanitarian workers are struggling to cope.

Hungry mouths to feed push women outside the camp in search of food and firewood to sell, making them vulnerable to sex crimes, said MSF worker Delice Sezage Tulinabo.

Reports of gender-based violence in North Kivu were up more than a third in the first three months of 2023 compared with 2022, when more than 38,000 cases were recorded, UNICEF said this week.

Most survivors reported being attacked by armed and displaced men in and around the camps.

Humanitarian workers have also raised concern about the army. In Bulengo, women said they had to pay soldiers to enter the forest. Some of them also commit rape, they added.

Defence Minister Jean-Pierre Bemba said the allegations were being investigated.

Yvonne Tumaini Asifwe, 55, decided to stop venturing outside after two of her friends were raped. But she is already feeling the pinch.

“What are we going to eat?” she asked.