Cubans went to the polls on Sunday to choose the 470 lawmakers who will represent them in the country’s National Assembly, in a closely watched election seen as a referendum on the communist-run government in the midst of a deep economic crisis.

Voting centers in Havana opened at 7 a.m. ET and remained busy until midday as citizens arrived to cast ballots at the city’s share of more than 23,000 official ballot sites across the country.

By 11 a.m. ET, nearly 42% of the country had voted, according to Cuba’s National Electoral Council (CEN).

Cuba´s government, saddled by shortages, inflation and growing social unrest, has encouraged unity, calling on citizens to vote together in a broad show of support for the communist leadership.

Ana Lydia Velazquez, a 78-year old retired Havana resident, told Reuters that message resonated with her.

“I believe all Cubans should go to vote, to help our country improve, and advance,” she said. “We are going through a critical situation and we all have to pitch in.”

Anti-government forces, primarily off-island in a country that restricts dissident political speech, have said a vote has no real meaning in a one-party system with no formal opposition, labeling the elections a “farce.” Dissident groups have called on Cubans to abstain from voting.

Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel, who voted in his hometown of Santa Clara just after sunrise on Sunday, said citizens would have the last word.

“Some people may put the difficult economic situation ahead of their willingness to vote, but I don´t think it will be a majority,” Diaz-Canel told reporters.

The 470 candidates on Sunday´s paper ballot are vying for 470 open seats. There are no opposition candidates.

A high rate of abstention would not have any immediate impact on the election´s outcome, as the winners of the contest must receive more than half the votes of those who choose to cast ballots.

But political analysts say low turnout would be a sign of deepening discontent with Cuba’s communist-run system. Abstention has been on the rise in Cuba over several elections.

The winning 470 candidates, who serve for five years, will choose the next president of Cuba from among their ranks, further raising the stakes of Sunday’s vote.

The newly elected National Assembly is also due to debate and pass laws that will regulate the press and the right to protest, among other key issues.

Voting closes at 6 p.m. ET (2200 GMT). Results are expected early next week.

Cuba does not allow independent international observers to oversee the country´s elections.