NASA’s Artemis mission to put astronauts back on the Moon by 2024 is running late and getting expensive, an assessment by the space agency’s watchdog has found.

A new report by NASA’s inspector general (OIG) found that the agency was likely to overshoot its 2024 target by “several years” as knock-on delays and technical challenges impacted the mission’s timetable.

The OIG also criticised the cost of the Moon landing project, saying NASA “lacks a comprehensive and accurate cost estimate” of the programme.

In all, the mission could cost $93 billion (€82 billion) by 2025, the OIG said.

Last week, the US space agency pushed back the expected date for a lunar landing to 2025. The delay was due in part to legal action by Jeff Bezos-owned Blue Origin, which sued NASA after losing out in a bid to build a Moon landing vehicle for the Artemis programme.

In a statement, NASA said the US Congress had not allocated the agency “sufficient funds” to award contracts for Moon landing vehicles to more than one private company.

NASA said the delay was also down to “first-time development challenges,” and the 2024 deadline set by the former Trump administration “not being technically feasible”.

– NASA ‘underreporting’ the cost

In its report, the OIG found that NASA uses a rough estimate for the cost of the first three Artemis missions “that excludes $25 billion (€22 billion) for key activities related to planned missions beyond Artemis III”.

The report also accused NASA of “failing to develop an official cost estimate” for the Artemis programme and said it was “underreporting the true funding requirements” of the exploration project.

NASA’s cost estimate for the programme excluded spending on development of the Space Launch System (SLS) – the replacement for the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that was retired in 2011 – as well as the Gateway, a space station orbiting the Moon that is planned to serve as an outpost for astronauts on the Artemis programme.

In its cost estimate, the OIG said NASA was likely to spend $93 billion (€82 billion) on the programme by 2025 and faced a $4.1 billion (€3.6 billion) cost-per-launch for at least the first four Artemis missions.

In a written response, NASA said it had restructured its Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate organisation to ensure effective management and that it agreed it should look for “measurable cost reduction targets” in its Exploration Systems Development arm.