North Korea launched a short-range ballistic missile into the sea and fired hundreds of artillery rounds near the South Korean border on Friday, according to the South Korean military, the latest military activity by the nuclear-armed country amid heightened tensions.

When a group of about ten North Korean military aircraft flew close to their heavily fortified border, South Korea scrambled fighter jets, and North Korea fired 450 rounds of artillery into “sea buffer zones” on multiple occasions, according to the South’s Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).

South Korea’s National Security Council (NSC) condemned the North for escalating tensions, calling its moves a violation of a 2018 bilateral military pact that bans “hostile acts” in the border area.

Seoul imposed its first unilateral sanctions against Pyongyang in nearly five years, blacklisting 15 North Korean individuals and 16 institutions involved in missile development.

The JCS issued a warning to North Korea, urging it to stop provocations and escalating tension.

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol told reporters that Pyongyang has been “indiscriminately carrying out provocations,” vowing to devise “watertight countermeasures.”

Yoon’s spokesman said that his government respects inter-Korean agreements, and that scrapping the 2018 military pact hinges on Pyongyang’s behaviour.

North Korea’s military issued a statement via state media KCNA early on Friday saying that it took “strong military countermeasures,” over South Korea’s artillery fire on Thursday.

South Korea’s NSC said the firing was a “regular, legitimate” exercise.

The incidents came after KCNA said leader Kim Jong Un oversaw the launch of two long-range strategic cruise missiles on Wednesday to confirm the reliability of nuclear-capable weapons deployed to military units.

The unprecedented frequency of North Korea’s missile launches has raised concerns it may be preparing to resume testing of nuclear bombs for the first time since 2017. Some analysts do not expect any tests before neighbouring China concludes a key ruling Communist Party congress, which begins on Oct. 16.

The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command said it was aware of the latest missile launch and “it does not pose an immediate threat.”

Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno said the North’s tests were “absolutely unacceptable,” and his country would “drastically strengthen” its defence.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said all parties should refrain from escalating tension and resume meaningful dialogue for a political solution.

FLARING TENSION

South Korea’s JCS said the latest missile was launched at 1:49 a.m. on Friday (1449 Thursday GMT) from the Sunan area near North Korea’s capital, Pyongyang, and flew about 700 km (435 miles) to an altitude of 50 km at a speed of Mach 6.

Japan’s coast guard also reported the launch, which was at least the 41st ballistic missile test by the North this year.

The North fired some 280 artillery shells into the sea off its east and west coasts from around 5 p.m. (0800 GMT), just hours after shooting another 170 rounds near the maritime border, the JCS said.

The JCS said the aircraft incident occurred for about two hours from 10:30 p.m. on Thursday (0130 GMT), during which about 10 North Korean warplanes flew as close as 12 km (7 miles) north of the sea border and 25 km (15 miles) north of the Military Demarcation Line.

It said the South Korean air force “conducted an emergency sortie with its superior air force, including the F-35A.”

South Korea’s military will hold its annual Hoguk defence drills starting next week, including field training simulated to counter the North’s nuclear and missile threats, it added.

In its first unilateral sanctions since 2017, Seoul’s finance and foreign ministries singled out four officials at the North’s military think tank, and 11 at a trading company.

The 16 entities blacklisted include rocket industry and naval transport agencies, as well as trading, construction and electronic firms.

They aided the North’s weapons programmes and helped evade international sanctions by conducting research or supplying finance and materials through overseas workers, smuggling and ship operations, the ministries said.

The General Staff of the North’s Korean People’s Army (KPA) accused the South of taking “provocative action” with the artillery fire, which lasted about 10 hours.

“The KPA sends a stern warning to the South Korean military inciting military tension in the frontline area with reckless action,” its spokesman said, according to KCNA.

The flaring tension revived fears in South Korea of a potential provocation by the North.

Although there were no signs of panic among South Koreans, a Gallup poll released on Friday showed more than 70% of respondents said North Korea’s missile tests threatened peace, the highest since the North’s sixth nuclear test in 2017.