As part of indirect talks aimed at reviving the 2015 nuclear agreement, Iran and world powers will meet on Friday after their experts flesh out detailed proposals on how the US will lift sanctions and Iran would return to its obligations.
According to diplomats, European intermediaries have begun to shuttle between Iranian and US officials in Vienna in order to put both countries back into full compliance with the agreement that Washington abandoned three years ago.
The 2015 deal lifted sanctions on Iran in return for curbs to its nuclear programme. Then-president Donald Trump withdrew from the deal in 2018, prompting Iran to steadily overstep the accord’s limits.
While new President Joe Biden aims to restore the agreement, each side wants the other to act first. Tehran has rejected direct negotiations, and Washington said on Monday it expected the discussions to be difficult.
Even without face-to-face talks, however, the presence of both Iran and the United States in the same location marks a step forward.
British, French and German officials will shuttle between the American and Iranian delegations, based in separate Viennese hotels five minutes away from each other. Russia and China, as fellow parties of the deal, are also present.
Two expert-level groups have been given the task of marrying lists of sanctions that the United States could lift with nuclear obligations Iran should meet, and reporting back on Friday.
“This is going to involve discussions about identifying the steps that the U.S. has to take and identifying the steps that Iran is going to have to take,” Robert Malley, head of the U.S. delegation, which also includes sanctions expert Richard Nephew, told NPR radio on Tuesday morning.
Iran briefly met at a hotel for preparatory talks with the five other parties to the deal – but without the Americans.
“Constructive Joint Commission meeting. There’s unity and ambition for a joint diplomatic process with two expert groups on nuclear implementation and sanctions lifting. As Coordinator I will intensify separate contacts here in Vienna with all relevant parties, including US,” European Union chief coordinator Enrique Mora said on Twitter.
Iran’s chief nuclear negotiator Abbas Araqchi echoed those comments adding that senior diplomats would meet again on Friday.
Russia’s envoy to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Mikhail Ulyanov, tweeted that the restoration of the deal “will not happen immediately. It will take some time. How long? Nobody knows. The most important thing after today’s meeting of the Joint Commission is that practical work towards achieving this goal has started.”
CHALLENGES
Majid Takht-Ravanchi, Iran’s envoy to the United Nations and a former nuclear negotiator, put the onus on Washington.
“The US has so far failed to honor @POTUS campaign promise to rejoin the JCPOA. So this opportunity shouldn’t be wasted,” he said on Twitter, referring to the nuclear deal by an acronym. “If US lifts all sanctions, Iran will then cease all remedial measures.”
Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has the final say on all state matters, has demanded sanctions be lifted all at once and rejected proposals that would lift them gradually.
Araqchi said Tehran had rejected a U.S. proposal for Iran to suspend its enrichment of uranium to 20% fissile purity in return for the release of $1 billion of its funds blocked in other countries amid the U.S. sanctions.
Diplomats said the talks would spread over several weeks.
The objective is some form of an accord ahead of June’s Iranian presidential election, an EU official said, although Iranian and U.S. officials have said there is no rush.
The Biden administration has also stated that it wants to create a “longer and stronger agreement” that would address other issues such as Iran’s long-term nuclear program, ballistic missile production, and support for proxy powers in the Middle East.
Iran has consistently declined to enter into negotiations on a wider agreement.
