A Supreme Court judge warned on Wednesday that Brazil stands the risk of ceding control of its huge Amazon rainforest region to organized crime and drug traffickers who use the area’s lawlessness to smuggle drugs.

Justice Luis Roberto Barroso suggested convening environmental specialists, financiers, and local authorities to discuss how to promote sustainable development that would preserve the Amazon rainforest, the largest in the world, and improve the standard of living for the 25 million people who live there.

The Amazon absorbs vast amounts of greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and its preservation is seen as essential to the fight against climate change.

“There is a real risk of losing the sovereignty of the Amazon not to any other country, but to organized crime,” he said in an interview.

Under Brazil’s current President Jair Bolsonaro, illegal activities have surged in the Amazon, encouraged by the easing of environmental protections and reduced funding for enforcement agencies.

“Brazilian authorities will have to be very committed to confronting environmental crimes such as illegal logging and mining, deforestation, land grabs and the murder of defenders of the forest,” Barroso said.

Barroso, who attended COP27 United Nations climate talks in Egypt in November, proposed that Brazil gather “the best minds in the world” to discuss how to develop a “bioeconomy” for the Amazon to stop the degradation of the region.

“We obviously want the world’s ideas, but without giving up one millimeter of sovereignty,” he said.

Brazil’s outgoing president Bolsonaro has criticized foreign environmentalists and non-governmental organizations for impinging on Brazilian sovereignty over the Amazon.

The far-right president appointed climate skeptics as ministers and saw deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest spike to a 15-year high.

Bolsonaro paralyzed the Amazon Fund, to which Norway and Germany contributed more than $1 billion for the support of sustainable projects in the region.

The fund will restart when President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who defeated Bolsonaro in the October elections, takes office in January. Lula has pledged to end the criminal impunity in the Amazon and crack down on environmental crimes.

“The preservation of the Amazon is essential for the world. I defend that the world contributes to the preservation of the Amazon,” Barroso said.